pro 16, 2021 by Philips
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In-stent restenosis

In stent restenosis masthead

Real-world incidence rates of in-stent restenosis (ISR) account for 12% of PCI.Each patient requires a customized treatment strategy based on the extent and mechanism of their restenosis, requiring  flexibility in your toolkit and approach.3,4

Rates of restenosis at follow up2

In stent restenosis graph

Clinical challenges

 

  • Target lesion revascularization rates remain an issue even today when using multiple overlapping stents.

– 2nd stent 12-16% at 12 months and 33% at 3-5 years5  

– 3rd stent 25% at 6 months6

 

  • Angiography alone cannot provide the information necessary to fully understand the mechanism and extent of ISR.7

– Difficult to identify under-expansion or mal-apposition

– Challenging to determine if it is geographical miss or under-sizing

– Inability to discern between neointimal hyperplasia or neo-atherosclerosis

 

  • Traditional mechanical tools have limitations for treating ISR.

– Mechanical tools, from angioplasty to rotational or orbital atherectomy, are largely ineffective in restenotic lesions.8

– The unique soft, aqueous morphology of neointimal hyperplasia tissue presents a challenge to mechanical intervention.9

Risk of restenosis

Growing with each layer of stent5

Risk of restenosis
Stent oveview chart

Case Reports:


Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Laser atherectomy and doctors

Lesion Preparation – Do you have the latest tools available? from Dr. Peter O’Kane featured at BCIS- ACI- 2023.  

Laser atherectomy and doctors

LAD In-Stent Restenosis: iFR and IVUS Co-registration, laser atherectomy, final DCB and stenting

IVUS-guided DCB treatment

CX in-stent restenosis: IVUS Co-registration, scoring balloon lesion-prep, IVUS-guided DCB treatment, SB branch rescue and final KBT

Interview:

The importance of iFR and IVUS

Interview – The importance of iFR and IVUS in the treatment of ISR

Webinar:

Navigating Through Mechanistic Features

Navigating Through Mechanistic Features and Treatment Strategies During PCI for Stent Failure

2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization10

Restenosis

Class

Level

IVUS and/or OCT should be considered to detect stent-related mechanical problem leading to restenosis.

IIa

C

Comparative luminal gain11

ISR more luminal

2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization12

Restenosis

DES are recommended for the treatment of in-stent restenosis of BMS or DES.9,10,11,12

I

A

Drug-coated ballons are recommended for the treatment of in-stent restenosis of BMS or DES.9,10,11,12

I

A

Philips IVUS and SyncVision advanced imaging solution:
 

  • Help determine the mechanism of stent restenosis or stent thrombosis.
  • Allow optimization of treatment strategy and device utilization.
  • Help confirm pre and post therapy results.

 

ELCA laser atherectomy catheter:
 

  • Modifies plaque, even behind struts, to facilitate stent expansion
  • Ablates lesion material.
  • Maximizes lumen for additional stent expansion and placement.

 

AngioSculpt PTCA scoring balloon catheter:
 

  • Resists slipping within the vessel.
  • Provides improved luminal gain.13
  • Increases focal pressure to reset stents, minimizing the need for future additional stents.

Educational resources

Tutorial Viedos:

Laser in thrombus video

How to do iFR Co-registration

How to use Laser

How to use Laser

How to deal with ISR and multilayer ISR

Congresses:

How to deal with ISR and multi-layer ISR

Kevin J. Croce, MD, PhD, Brigham & Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

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References

 

1.Cassese S, Byrne RA, Tada T, et al. Incidence and predictors of restenosis after coronary stenting in 10,004 patients with surveillance angiography. Heart 2014; 100:153–9.

2.Dangas et a. In-Stent Restenosis in the Drug-Eluting Stent Era. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56:1897–907.

3.Bhatt D. Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis, Excerpt from Cardiovascular Intervention: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier 2016:209-222.

4.Ota H. Novel Approaches for Cardiovascular Drug-Eluting Devices Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2015; 16:84-89; Maluenda G. Intracoronary brachytherapy for Recurrent Drug-Eluting Stent Failure CardiovascInterv. 2012;5:12-19; Kubo S. Differential relative efficacy between drug-eluting stents in patients with bare metal and drug-eluting stent restenosis Euro Intervention. 2013;9:788-796; Latib A. Long-term outcomes after the percutaneous treatment of drug-eluting stent restenosisJACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:155-164.

5.Pratsos, A. (2009). Atherectomy and the role of excimer laser in treating CAD. Cardiac Interventions Today, January/February, 27-34.

6.Sousa-Uva M, Neumann FJ, Ahlsson A, Alfonso F, Banning AP,
Benedetto U, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Falk V, Head SJ, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Koller A, Kristensen SD, Niebauer J, Richter DJ, Seferovic PM, Sibbing D, Stefanini GG, Windecker S, Yadav R, Zembala MO; ESC Scientific Document
Group,'2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization., Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018 Aug 27. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy289

7.Costa JR, Mintz GS, Carlier SG, et al. Nonrandomized comparison of coronary stenting under intravascular ultrasound guidance of direct stenting without predilation versus conventional predilation with a semi-compliant balloon versus predilation with a new scoring balloon. Am J
Cardiol. 2007;100:812-817.

8.Alfonso F, Perez-Vizcayno MJ, Cardenas A, Garcia Del Blanco B, Seidelberger B, Iniguez A, Gomez-Recio M, Masotti M, Velazquez MT, Sanchis J, Garcia-Touchard A, Zueco J, Bethencourt A, Melgares R, Cequier A, Dominguez A, Mainar V, Lopez-Minguez JR, Moreu J, Marti V, Moreno R, Jimenez-Quevedo P, Gonzalo N, Fernandez C, Macaya C; RIBS V Study Investigators, under the auspices of the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the Spanish Society of Cardiology. A randomized comparison of drug-eluting balloon versus everolimus-eluting stent in patients with bare-metal stent-in-stent restenosis: The RIBS V Clinical Trial (Restenosis Intra-stent of Bare Metal Stents: Paclitaxel-eluting balloon vs. everolimus-eluting stent). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1378–1386.

9.Alfonso F, Perez-Vizcayno MJ, Cardenas A, Garcia del Blanco B, Garcia-Touchard A, Lopez-Minguez JR, Benedicto A, Masotti M, Zueco J, Iniguez A, Velazquez M, Moreno R, Mainar V, Dominguez A, Pomar F, Melgares R, Rivero F, Jimenez-Quevedo P, Gonzalo N, Fernandez C, Macaya C, RIBS IV Investigators. A prospective randomized trial of drug-eluting balloons versus everolimus-eluting stents in patients with in-stent restenosis of drug-eluting stents: The RIBS IV randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:23–33.

10.Siontis GC, Stefanini GG, Mavridis D, Siontis KC, Alfonso F, Perez-Vizcayno MJ, Byrne RA, Kastrati A, Meier B, Salanti G, Juni P, Windecker S. Percutaneous coronary interventional strategies for treatment of in-stent restenosis: A network meta-analysis. Lancet 2015;386:655–664.

11.Giacoppo D, Gargiulo G, Aruta P, Capranzano P, Tamburino C, Capodanno D. Treatment strategies for coronary in-stent restenosis: Systematic review and hierarchical Bayesian network meta-analysis of 24 randomised trials and 4880 patients. BMJ 2015; 351:h5392.

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